Englische Akronyme und Abkürzungen (alphabetisch)
Ein Akronym (griechisch ακρωνύμιο, von άκρος, ákros - die Spitze, der Rand und όνυμος, ónymos - der Name) ist ein Sonderfall der Abkürzung. Umstritten ist, was genau darunter zu verstehen ist. Es existieren zwei konkurrierende Definitionen des Begriffs.
Der Duden über das Akronym
Der Duden (deutsches Unviversalwörterbuch, Mannheim 2005) besagt, ein Akronym sei ein Kunstwort, das aus den Anfangsbuchstaben mehrerer Wörter zusammengesetzt ist und nennt EDV (elektronische Datenverarbeitung) als Beispiel. Demnach wären also Wörter, auf die dieses Kriterium zutrifft, Akroynme, egal ob sie beim Lesen buchstabiert oder als Wort gelesen werden. "CDU" und "SPD" wären Akronyme, "Abk.", "lt.", "Betr." oder "kpl." jedoch nicht.
Akronym als gesprochenes Wort
Eine ebenfalls verbreitete, konkurrierende Definition schränkt Akronyme auf Abkürzungen ein, die als eigenes Wort gesprochen werden. Statt der Anfangsbuchstaben werden auch häufig Wortteile verwendet.
A
| AAS |
Alternate Air Source, such as a pony bottles |
| AAUS |
American Academy of Underwater Sciences |
| ABJ |
Adjustable Buoyancy Jacket |
| ABLJ |
Adjustable Buoyancy Life Jacket |
| ABT |
Actual Bottom Time |
| ADT |
Actual Dive Time |
| AEDU |
Admiralty Experimental Diving Unit (UK) |
| AGE |
Arterial Gas Embolism; bubble causing obstruction to a blood vessel |
| AI |
Assistant Instructor |
| aka |
also known as... |
| AMDT |
Adjusted Maximum Dive Time |
| ANDI |
American Nitrox Divers Incorporated |
| AODC |
Association of Offshore Diving Contractors |
| AOWD |
Advanced Open Water Diver certification; second level of PADI certification |
| AP |
Absolute Pressure |
| ASD |
Atrial Septal Defect; a hole in the heart |
| ASF |
Australian Speleological “Federation” |
| ASL |
American Sign Language |
| ATEA |
Amphibian Tank Escape Apparatus |
| ATA |
Atmospheres Absolute; absolute pressure. |
| ATS |
Atmospheres Absolute Over Sea Level (ie gauge pressure) |
| AUF |
Australian Underwater Federation |
| AV |
Artificial Ventilation |
B
| BC |
Buoyancy Compensator |
| BCD |
Buoyancy Control Device |
| BCRA |
British Cave Research Association |
| BIBS |
Built-In Breathing System |
| BPR |
Back Pressure Regulator |
| BSAC |
British Sub-Aqua Club |
| BT |
Bottom Time; definition is agency dependent |
| BWRAF |
PADI training acronym; "Begin with Review And Friend" |
C
| CAPS |
Cave mapping software & electronic survey equipment |
| CAUS |
Canadian Association for Underwater Sciences |
| CCBA |
Closed Circuit Breathing Apparatus |
| CCR |
Closed Circuit Rebreather |
| CDAA |
Cave Diving Association of Australia |
| CDG |
Cave Divers Group of Great Britain |
| CESA |
Controlled Emergency Swimming Ascent |
| CFT |
Comhairle Fó-Thionn - The official name of the Irish Underwater Coucil |
| CIRSS |
Comitato Italiano Ricerche Studi Subacquei (Italy) |
| CM |
Cutis Marmorata; inflamation of the skin signaled by a reddish, mottled discoloration |
| CMAS |
Confederation Mondiale des Activitiés Subaquatiques (World Underwater Assoc) |
| CNS |
Central Nervous System |
| CO2 |
Carbon Dioxide |
| CPR |
Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation |
| CPS |
Commission Plongee Souterraine |
| CPTD |
Cummulative Pulmonary Toxic Dose |
| CSAC |
Canadian Sub-Aqua Club |
D
| DAN |
Diver's Alert Network |
| DCAP |
Decompression Computation and Analysis Program |
| DCIEM |
Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine |
| DCI |
Decompression Illness; including DCS and AGE |
| DCS |
Decompression Sickness; the 'bends' |
| DDC |
Deck Decompression Chamber |
| DDRC |
Diving Disease Research Center, in Plymouth, England. The leading hyperbaric treatment & research center in Britain |
| DEMA |
Diving Equipment Manufacturers Association |
| DES |
Divers' Environmental Survey |
| DIN |
Deutsches Institut fuer Normung |
| DM |
Dive Master |
| DMAC |
Diving Medical Advisory Committee |
| DO |
Dysbaric Osteonecrosis |
| DO |
Diving Officer |
| DOT |
Department of Transportation (USA) |
| DPV |
Diver Propulsion Vehicle |
| DSEA |
Davis Submerged Escape Apparatus |
| DSMB |
Delayed Surface Marker Buoy; SMB which is inflated at the end of a dive |
| DUI |
Diving Unlimited International; manufacturer best known for their dry suits. |
| DV |
Demand Valve; usually the second stage of a regulator |
E
| EAD |
Equivalent Air Depth; The depth at which air would cause as much decompression obligation as nitrox with a given fO2 at a given depth |
| EAN |
Enriched Air Nitrox |
| EANx |
Enriched Air Nitrox (x is the percentage of oxygen) |
| EAR |
Expired Air Resuscitation (preferred term in Britain is now AV) |
| EATD |
European Association of Technical Divers |
| EAV |
Expired Air Ventilation |
| EBS |
Emergency Breathing System |
| ECC |
External Cardiac Compression |
| ECU |
Environmental Control Unit |
| EKPP |
European Karts Plains Project |
| ENxxxxx |
European Norm (x = number) |
| END |
Equivalent Narcotic Depth; depth at which air would cause as much narcosis as a given mix and depth |
F
| FAA |
Federal Aviation Agency (USA) |
| FAQ |
Frequently Asked Questions |
| FAUI |
Federation of Australian Underwater Instructors |
| FFA |
Feet First Ascent; common problem for new dry suit users |
| FFDS |
Federation Francais De Speleologie |
| FFM |
Full Face Mask |
| FFW |
Feet of Fresh Water |
| FGV |
Free Gas Volume |
| fHe |
Fraction of Helium in a gas mixture |
| fN2 |
Fraction of Nitrogen in a gas mixture |
| fO2 |
Fraction of Oxygen in a gas mixture |
| FPS |
Foot, Pound, Second (Imperial System) |
| FSW |
Feet of Sae/Salt Water |
| FV |
Floodable Volume |
G
| GPS |
Global Positioning System |
H
| HP |
High Pressure |
| HPNS |
High Pressure Nervous Syndrome |
| HSA |
Handicapped Scuba Association |
| HSE |
Health and Safety Executive |
I
| IAND |
International Association of Nitrox Divers |
| IANTD |
International Association of Nitrox and Technical Divers |
| IDEA |
International Diving Educators Association |
| IP |
Intermediate Pressure; the pressure between the first and second stages of a regulator |
| IUC |
Irish Underwater Council |
J
K
L
| LAT |
Lowest Astronomical Tide |
| LP |
Low Pressure |
M
| MDEA |
Multinational Diving Educators Association |
| MDT |
Maximum Dive Time |
| MFW |
Metres of Fresh Water |
| MGR |
Mixed Gas Rebreather |
| MKS |
Metre, Kilogram, Second (Metric System) |
| MOD |
Maximum Operating Depth; maximum depth for a mix, given a maximum ppO2 |
| MSD |
Master Scuba Diver |
| MSW |
Metres of Sea/Salt Water |
N
| N2 |
Nitrogen |
| NABS |
National Association of Black Scuba Divers |
| NACD |
National Association for Cave Diving |
| NACDS |
National Association of Commercial Diving Specialists |
| NASDS |
National Association of Scuba Diving Schools |
| NAUI |
National Association of Underwater Instructors |
| NDC |
National Diving Council |
| NDL |
No Decompression Limit
|
| NDO |
National Diving Officer |
| NDS |
No Decompression Stop; the no decompression limit according to table or compute |
| NDSTC |
Naval Dive and Salvage Training Cente |
| NED |
Network of Egghead Divers |
| NEDU |
Naval Experimental Diving Unit |
| NERC |
National Environment Research Council (UK) |
| NOAA |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| NOB |
Nederlands Onderwater Bond |
| NRMI |
Naval Medical Research Unit |
| NSB |
Natal Shark Board (South Africa) |
| NSS-CDS |
National Speleological Society-Cave Diving Section |
O
| O2 |
Oxygen |
| OMS |
Ocean Management Systems; manufacturer known for their low pressure steel tanks |
| ONM |
Oxygen-Nitrogen Mixture |
| OOA |
Out of Air |
| OS |
O.S. Systems, Inc.; manufacturer of shell dry suits |
| OTT |
Oxygen Tolerance Test |
| OTU |
Oxygen Toxicity/Tolerance Unit |
| OSHA |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (USA) |
| OW |
Open Water |
| OWD |
Open Water Diver |
| OWSI |
Open Water Scuba Instructor |
P
| P |
Pressure |
| PADI |
Professional Association of Diving Instructors |
| PADUA |
Pennsylvania Analysis of Decompression for Undersea and Aerospace |
| PDC |
Personal Dive Computer |
| PDIC |
Professional Diving Instructors Corporation |
| PFO |
Patent Foramen Ovale; openable flap between the atria of the heart |
| pp |
Partial Pressure; total pressure of a gass mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases |
| ppHe |
Partial Pressure of Helium in a gas mixture |
| ppN2 |
Partial Pressure of Nitrogen in a gas mixture |
| ppO2 |
Partial Pressure of Oxygen in a gas mixture |
| PSI |
Pounds per Square Inch |
| PTC |
Personal Transfer Capsule |
Q
R
| RBGM |
Reduced Bubble Grade Model (for decompression) |
| RDP |
Recreational Dive Planner |
| RG |
Repetitive Group |
| RIB |
Rigid Inflatable Boat; solid keel and large inflatable tubes |
| RMV |
Respiratory Minute Volume |
| RNT |
Residual Nitrogen Time |
| RNLI |
Royal National Lifeboat Institution |
| RNPL |
Royal Naval Physiological Laboratory (Alverstoke) |
| ROV |
Remotely Operated Vehicle |
| RSTC |
Recreational Scuba Training Committee |
S
| SAA |
Sub-Aqua Association (British...) |
| SAC |
Surface Air Consumption |
| SAELO |
Supply Activated Exhaust Cut-Off Valve |
| SAFE |
PADI training acronym; "Slowly Ascend From Every Dive" |
| SAR |
Search and Rescue |
| SAUU |
South African Underwater Union |
| SCBA |
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus; such as Firefighter use |
| SCOR |
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (of International Council of Scientific Unions) |
| SCR |
Surface Consumption Rate (liters per minute at surface) |
| SCCR |
Semi-Closed Circuit Rebreather |
| SCUBA |
Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus |
| SDC |
Submersible Decompression Chamber |
| SEBA |
Submarine Escape Breathing Apparatus |
| SGA |
Siebe Gorman Amphibian |
| SI |
Système International (Metric System) |
| SI |
Surface Interval |
| SIT |
Surface Interval Time |
| SLAM |
Scuba Lifesaving Accident Management |
| SLJ |
Surface Life Jacket |
| SMB |
Surface Marker Buoy; buoy with a flag on a line to a diver |
| SOB |
Same Ocean Buddy |
| SPG |
Submersible Pressure Gauge |
| SPUMS |
South Pacific Underwater Medical Society |
| SRT |
Single Rope Technique |
| SSAC |
Scottish Sub-Aqua Club |
| SSI |
Scuba Schools International |
T
| TDI |
Technical Diving International |
| TDT |
Total Dive Time |
| TNT |
Total Nitrogen Time |
| TOD |
Theoretical Ocean Depth |
U
| UBA |
Universal Breathing Apparatus |
| UIS |
Union Internationale de Speologie (International Speleological Union) |
| UASR |
Underwater Association for Scientific Research (UK) |
| UBMS |
Undersea Biomedical Society (USA) |
| UK |
United Kingdom |
| UNCLOS |
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea |
| UNESCO |
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
| UPTD |
Unit Pulmonary Toxic Dose |
| US |
United States (of America) |
| USN |
United States Navy |
| USOA |
Underwater Society of America |
V
| VENTID |
Vision Ears Nausea Twitching Irritation Dizziness |
| VGE |
Venous Gas Embolism |
| VIP |
Visual Inspection Program; testing a tank for integrity by visual inspection of the insides |
W
| WKPP |
Woodsville-Karst Plains Project; cave diving group |
| WPB |
West Palm Beach |
X
Y
| YMCA |
Young Men's Christian Association |
Z